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Introduction to Rubber O-Rings
Rubber O-rings are elastic sealing rings with a circular cross-section, made from various rubber materials. They achieve sealing through elastic deformation and are one of the most commonly used sealing elements in mechanical equipment.
Core Characteristics
| Characteristic | Description | Advantages |
| Simple Structure | Monolithic circular cross-section structure | Simple manufacturing, low cost |
| Reliable Sealing | Self-tightening seal under medium pressure | Zero leakage in static sealing |
| Easy Installation | Small size, light weight, simple installation | Easy maintenance and replacement |
| Wide Applicability | Multiple rubber materials available | Adapts to different working conditions |
| Low Friction Resistance | Low motion friction resistance | Suitable for dynamic sealing applications |
Common Materials
| Material Type | Characteristics | Temperature Range (°C) | Main Applications |
| Nitrile Rubber (NBR) | Good oil resistance, excellent overall performance | -30~100 | Hydraulic oil, lubricating oil seals |
| Fluoroelastomer (FKM) | High temperature and chemical resistance | -20~200 | High temperature, chemical media seals |
| Silicone Rubber (VMQ) | High and low temperature resistance, good elasticity | -60~200 | Food and medical equipment seals |
| EPDM Rubber (EPDM) | Good weather and ozone resistance | -40~120 | Hot water, steam seals |
| Neoprene (CR) | Relatively good weather and ozone resistance | -30~100 | Outdoor equipment seals |
Performance Parameters
| Performance Indicator | NBR | FKM | EPDM | Test Standard |
| Hardness (Shore A) | 50~90 | 60~90 | 50~90 | ASTM D2240 |
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 10~25 | 10~20 | 10~15 | ASTM D412 |
| Elongation (%) | 100~600 | 100~300 | 100~500 | ASTM D412 |
| Compression Set (%) | 15~30 | 10~25 | 15~30 | ASTM D395 |
Selection Guide
1. Working Condition Analysis:
· Medium type and concentration
· Operating temperature and pressure
· Motion type and speed
2. Material Selection:
· Consider chemical compatibility
· Determine temperature range
· Evaluate cost factors
3. Size Determination:
· Select according to standard sizes
· Consider installation space
· Confirm compression ratio
Installation Requirements
1. Pre-Installation Inspection:
· Confirm O-ring specifications
· Check surface quality
· Clean sealing surfaces
2. Installation Precautions:
· Use dedicated tools
· Avoid twisting during installation
· Ensure no sharp edges or burrs
3. Lubrication Requirements:
· Apply proper lubrication during installation
· Choose compatible lubricants
· Avoid using incompatible greases
Application Fields
1. Hydraulics and Pneumatics: Hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, valves
2. Automotive Industry: Engines, transmissions, braking systems
3. Home Appliances: Washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners
4. Medical Devices: Syringes, infusion equipment
5. Food Machinery: Food processing equipment
Common Failure Modes
1. Installation Damage: Scratches, cuts
2. Compression Set: Elasticity failure
3. Chemical Corrosion: Swelling, aging
4. Extrusion Damage: Excessive pressure
5. Thermal Aging: Cracking, hardening
Maintenance
1. Regular Inspection:
· Check sealing performance
· Observe aging condition
· Replace failed seals promptly
2. Storage Requirements:
· Store away from light
· Keep away from heat sources
· Prevent deformation under pressure
3. Service Life:
· Note effective service period
· Regular replacement
· Maintain replacement records
Rubber O-rings, as simple and effective sealing elements, can meet most sealing requirements through proper material selection, correct installation, and regular maintenance. Their economy and reliability make them indispensable basic sealing components in mechanical equipment.
